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NWP =
Numerical
Weather
Prediction
HIRLAM =
High
Resolution
Limited
Area
Model
AROME =
Applications of
Research to
Operations at
Mesoscale
ALADIN =
Aire
Limitée
Adaptation
Dynamique
Développement
International
HARMONIE =
High Resolution Limited Area Model-
Aire Limitée Adaptation Dynamique Développement International
Research on
Mesoscale
Operational
Numerical Weather Prediction
in
Euromed
Dus:
HARMONIE-AROME =
High Resolution Limited Area Model-
Aire Limitée Adaptation Dynamique Développement International
Research on
Mesoscale
Operational
Numerical Weather Prediction
in
Euromed -
Applications of
Research to
Operations at
Mesoscale
Introduction
There is a strong history of active collaboration between European meteorological institutes on numerical weather prediction (NWP) in order to develop and maintain numerical short-range weather forecasting systems for operational use.
The international research program High Resolution Limited Area Model (HIRLAM) was initiated in 1985 and consists today of the National Meteorological Services (NMSs) from 10 countries: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, and Sweden, with France as an associate member. Similarly, the collaboration among the NMSs of central Europe, Aire Limitée Adaptation Dynamique Développement International (ALADIN) started in 1991 and consists today of 16 member countries: Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Morocco, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tunisia, and Turkey.
The ALADIN NWP system is being developed within the frameworks of Action de Recherche Petite Échelle Grande Échelle (ARPEGE) and Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) software, developed jointly by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and Météo-France. A more detailed explanation of the ALADIN code architecture and its canonical model configurations, Applications of Research to Operations at Mesoscale (AROME) and Aire Limitee Adaptation/Application de la Recherche a l’Operationnel (ALARO), can be found in P. Termonia et al. (2017, unpublished manuscript).
On 5 December 2005, a cooperation agreement between the ALADIN and HIRLAM consortia was signed with the prime objective “to provide the ALADIN and the HIRLAM Members with a state-of-the-art NWP model for short- and very-short-range forecasting including nowcasting, for both research and development activities and operational usage” (Malcorps and Ågren 2005). In 2014, the ALADIN and HIRLAM consortia further agreed on the formation of a single, united consortium by 2020 and are currently working on this objective. Since 2005, the focus of the HIRLAM research collaboration has been on the convection-permitting scale, and on adapting the AROME model (Seity et al. 2011) for use in the common ALADIN–HIRLAM NWP system, in order to make it accessible for all 26 countries.
The scripting system, which facilitates data assimilation and observation handling, climate generation, lateral boundary coupling, and postprocessing required to run AROME operationally within the HIRLAM countries, is referred to as the HIRLAM–ALADIN Research on Mesoscale Operational NWP in Euromed (HARMONIE) script system. However, the implementation and optimization of AROME for both northern and southern European conditions has led to extensive adaptations and improvements to the model’s physical parameterizations. This was done in order to reduce existing biases and improve the physical description of clouds (mixed phase) and the land surfaces, especially in northern latitude conditions. The model configuration, which uses the updates in the physical parameterizations, has also been referred to as “HARMONIE,” in order to distinguish it from the AROME-France setup. Thus, there is an increased need to clarify and document what is meant by HARMONIE.
The aim of this paper is to describe the reference model configuration of AROME as defined by the HIRLAM consortia: HARMONIE–AROME. It summarizes the changes to the physical parameterizations and dynamics used in HARMONIE–AROME with respect to the description of AROME-France given by Seity et al. (2011) and Brousseau et al. (2016). This paper is limited to the forecast model description of version cycle 40h1.1.1 Separate documentation will be provided for the atmospheric and surface data-assimilation algorithms and observation types used, as well as a separate description of the ensemble prediction system based on HARMONIE–AROME, which is called HarmonEPS.
doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-16-0417.1 (
PDF)